Find service areas

Learn how to calculate the area that can be reached in a given driving time from a location.

A service area, also known as an isochrone, is a polygon that represents the area that can be reached when driving or walking on a street network. The area that can be reached is restricted by either time or distance.

To calculate service areas, you can use the routing service. You provide a start location (facilities), one or more time or distance values, and a spatial reference. Once processed, the service returns the service areas that can be reached.

In this tutorial, you use ArcGIS REST JS to access the routing service to create and display five, ten, and fifteen minute drive time service areas when the map is clicked. You use data-driven styling to give each polygon a different shade of blue.

Prerequisites

You need an ArcGIS Location Platform or ArcGIS Online account.

Steps

Create a new pen

To get started, either complete the Display a map tutorial or .

Get an access token

You need an access token with the correct privileges to access the resources used in this tutorial.

Go to the Create an API key tutorial and create an API key with the following privilege(s):
- Privileges
  - Location services > Basemaps
  - Location services > Routing
Copy the API key access token to your clipboard when prompted.

In CodePen, update the accessToken variable to use your access token.

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const accessToken = "YOUR_ACCESS_TOKEN";
const basemapEnum = "arcgis/streets";
const map = new maplibregl.Map({
  container: "map", // the id of the div element
  style: `https://basemapstyles-api.arcgis.com/arcgis/rest/services/styles/v2/styles/${basemapEnum}?token=${accessToken}`,
  zoom: 12, // starting zoom
  center: [-118.805, 34.027] // starting location [longitude, latitude]
});

To learn about the other types of authentication available, go to Types of authentication.

Reference the ArcGIS REST JS

Add links to the ArcGIS REST JS libraries in the <script> section.

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  <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="initial-scale=1,maximum-scale=1,user-scalable=no" />
    <script src=https://unpkg.com/maplibre-gl@4/dist/maplibre-gl.js></script>
    <link href=https://unpkg.com/maplibre-gl@4/dist/maplibre-gl.css rel="stylesheet" />

    <script src="https://unpkg.com/@esri/arcgis-rest-request@4/dist/bundled/request.umd.js"></script>
    <script src="https://unpkg.com/@esri/arcgis-rest-routing@4/dist/bundled/routing.umd.js"></script>

    <style>
      html,
      body,
      #map {
        padding: 0;
        margin: 0;
        height: 100%;
        width: 100%;
        font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
        font-size: 14px;
        color: #323232;
      }
    </style>
  </head>
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Update the map

A navigation basemap layer is typically used in geocoding and routing applications. Update the basemap layer to use arcgis/navigation.

Update the basemap and the map initialization to center on location [100.5231,13.7367], Bangkok.

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      const accessToken = "YOUR_ACCESS_TOKEN";

      const basemapEnum = "arcgis/navigation";

      const map = new maplibregl.Map({
        container: "map", // the id of the div element
        style: `https://basemapstyles-api.arcgis.com/arcgis/rest/services/styles/v2/styles/${basemapEnum}?token=${accessToken}`,
        zoom: 12, // starting zoom

        center: [100.5231, 13.7367] // Bangkok

      });
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Add a starting point layer

Add a source and a layer to show a white circle for the starting point of the calculation. This will show the user where they clicked.

Start a new function called addStartingPointLayer()

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        center: [100.5231, 13.7367] // Bangkok

      });

      function addStartingPointLayer() {

      }
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Add a GeoJSON source with id start. Set the data attribute to an empty FeatureCollection.

This source will later contain the geometry information of the start or end point that the user has selected. For now, you can simply provide it with an empty piece of GeoJSON: a feature collection that contains no features.

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      function addStartingPointLayer() {

        map.addSource("start", {
          type: "geojson",
          data: {
            type: "FeatureCollection",
            features: []
          }

      }
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Add a circle layer with id start-circle, connected to the start source. Set the paint properties to make it white with a black outline.

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      function addStartingPointLayer() {

        map.addSource("start", {
          type: "geojson",
          data: {
            type: "FeatureCollection",
            features: []
          }

        });
        map.addLayer({
          id: "start-circle",
          type: "circle",
          source: "start",

          paint: {
            "circle-radius": 6,
            "circle-color": "white",
            "circle-stroke-color": "black",
            "circle-stroke-width": 2
          }
        });

      }
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Add service area layer

To show the service area, you will use a fill layer to display a GeoJSON source. Each polygon has a property called FromBreak which contains the lower bound of the number of minutes of travel: 0, 5 and 10 minutes. You can use an expression for the fill-color to display each polygon in a different shade of blue.

Start a new function called addServiceAreaLayer().

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        center: [100.5231, 13.7367] // Bangkok

      });

      function addServiceAreaLayer() {

      }
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Add a GeoJSON source for the service area, with id servicearea. Set the data attribute of each source to be an empty FeatureCollection.

This source will later contain the geometry information of the service area. For now, you can simply provide it with an empty piece of GeoJSON: a feature collection that contains no features.

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      function addServiceAreaLayer() {

        map.addSource("servicearea", {
          type: "geojson",
          data: {
            type: "FeatureCollection",
            features: []
          }
        });

      }
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Add a layer of type fill to display the service area polygons, connected to the servicearea source. Use a match expression for the fill-color to show each polygon in a different shade of blue: darkest for shortest time, and lightest for longest time.

The match expression is like a switch statement: it compares the value of the FromBreak property of each polygon feature, and compares it against the values 0, 5 or 10. If it matches, the corresponding color becomes the fill-color. Otherwise, the last value, transparent is used.

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      function addServiceAreaLayer() {

        map.addSource("servicearea", {
          type: "geojson",
          data: {
            type: "FeatureCollection",
            features: []
          }
        });

        map.addLayer({
          id: "servicearea-fill",
          type: "fill",
          source: "servicearea",
          paint: {
            "fill-color": [
              "match",
              ["get", "FromBreak"],
              0,
              "hsl(210, 80%, 40%)",
              5,
              "hsl(210, 80%, 60%)",
              10,
              "hsl(210, 80%, 80%)",
              "transparent"
            ],
            "fill-outline-color": "black",
            "fill-opacity": 0.5
          }
        });

      }
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Add a load event handler

You need to use the load event to ensure the map is fully loaded, before adding your layers.

Add an event handler to the map load event. Call the addServiceAreaLayer() and addStartingPointLayer() functions here.

The order in which layers are added to the map is the order in which they will be displayed: layers added later are displayed over the top. Therefore, to have the starting point layer remain visible, you should add it after the service area layer.

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          paint: {
            "circle-radius": 6,
            "circle-color": "white",
            "circle-stroke-color": "black",
            "circle-stroke-width": 2
          }
        });

      }

      map.on("load", () => {
        addServiceAreaLayer();
        addStartingPointLayer();
      });
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Add a click handler

When you click on the map, you will update the location of the startingpoint source data to show the starting point location.

Add a click handler to the map.

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      map.on("load", () => {
        addServiceAreaLayer();
        addStartingPointLayer();
      });

      map.on("click", (e) => {

      });
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Use the lngLat property of the event parameter to construct a GeoJSON point. Update the geometry information of the start source with it.

The object passed to the click event contains several useful properties, including:

lngLat: the map location where the click took place.
point: the screen location in pixels where the click took place.
originalEvent: the DOM event, which contains information about modifier keys.

For more information, see the MapLibre GL JS documentation.

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      map.on("click", (e) => {

        const coordinates = e.lngLat.toArray();
        const point = {
          type: "Point",
          coordinates
        };
        map.getSource("start").setData(point);

      });
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At the top right, click Run.

When you click on the map, the white circle should move to each location that you click.

Get the service area

With the coordinates of the click event, you can now call the serviceArea function in the route service to get the service area.

Inside the click handler, create a new arcgisRest.ApiKeyManager to access the route service. Call the serviceArea method. Set the facilities parameter with the clicked coordinates to calculate the service area.

The facilities parameter lets you pass in multiple locations around which the service area is calculated. In this case, you are only passing one.

By default, the three drive times that are requested are 5, 10 and 15 minutes. You can change these by passing the defaultBreaks parameter.

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        const authentication = arcgisRest.ApiKeyManager.fromKey(accessToken);

        arcgisRest
          .serviceArea({
            authentication,
            facilities: [coordinates]
          })
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Display the service area on the map

The response to the request contains the geographic information of the service areas. Use the saPolygons.geoJson property to update the servicearea source.

Use Map.getSource to access the servicearea source. Call setData to update the data with the GeoJSON returned from the API.

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        arcgisRest
          .serviceArea({
            authentication,
            facilities: [coordinates]
          })

          .then((response) => {

            map.getSource("servicearea").setData(response.saPolygons.geoJson);

          });
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At the top right, click Run.

When you click on the map, three service areas are shown as concentric polygons around a white circle. These indicate the areas that can be reached by driving for 5, 10 or 15 minutes.

What's next?

Learn how to use additional ArcGIS location services in these tutorials:

Search for an address

Find an address or place using a search box and the geocoding service.

Find nearby places and details

Find points of interest near a location and get detailed information about them

Find a route and directions

Find a route and directions with the route service.