Find a route and directions

Learn how to find a route and directions with the route service.

Routing is the process of finding the path from an origin to a destination in a street network. You can use the Routing service to find routes, get driving directions, calculate drive times, and solve complicated, multiple vehicle routing problems. To create a route, you typically define a set of stops (origin and one or more destinations) and use the service to find a route with directions. You can also use a number of additional parameters such as barriers and mode of travel to refine the results.

In this tutorial, you define an origin and destination by clicking on the map. These values are used to get a route and directions from the route service. The directions are also displayed on the map.

Prerequisites

Before starting this tutorial:

You need an ArcGIS Location Platform or ArcGIS Online account.
Your system meets the system requirements.

Steps

Get an access token

You need an access token to use the location services used in this tutorial.

Go to the Create an API key tutorial to obtain an access token.
Ensure that the following privileges are enabled: Location services > Basemaps > Basemap styles service and Location services > Routing.
Copy the access token as it will be used in the next step.

To learn more about other ways to get an access token, go to Types of authentication.

Open the Xcode project

To start the tutorial, complete the Display a map tutorial or download and unzip the solution.
Open the .xcodeproj file in Xcode.
In Xcode, in the Project Navigator, click MainApp.swift.
In the Editor, set the ArcGISEnvironment.apiKey property on the ArcGISEnvironment with your copied access token.
MainApp.swift
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    init() {
        ArcGISEnvironment.apiKey = APIKey("<#YOUR-ACCESS-TOKEN#>")
    }
```
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Warning
The access token is stored directly in the code as a convenience for this tutorial. Storing access tokens in the source code is not best practice.

Update the map

A navigation basemap layer is typically used in routing applications. Update the basemap to use the .arcGISNavigation basemap style, and change the position of the map to center on Los Angeles.

Update the Basemap style property from .arcGISTopographic to .arcGISNavigation and update the latitude and longitude coordinates to center on Los Angeles.

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Change lineChange linestruct ContentView: View {

    @State var map = {

        let map = Map(basemapStyle: .arcGISNavigation)
        map.initialViewpoint = Viewpoint(latitude: 34.05293, longitude: -118.24368, scale: 2e5)

        return map
    }()

Create a private class named Model of type ObservableObject and add a @StateObject variable of the Model to the ContentView. See the programming patterns page for more information on how to manage states.

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Add line.Add line.Add line.Add line.import SwiftUI

import ArcGIS

class Model: ObservableObject {

}

struct ContentView: View {

    @StateObject private var model = Model()

    @State var map = {

        let map = Map(basemapStyle: .arcGISNavigation)
        map.initialViewpoint = Viewpoint(latitude: 34.05293, longitude: -118.24368, scale: 2e5)

        return map
    }()

}

Add graphics to the map view

A graphics overlay is a container for graphics. Graphics are added as a visual means to display the search result on the map.

In the Model class, create a GraphicsOverlay named graphicsOverlay. In the ContentView, add the graphics overlay to the map view.

A graphics overlay is a container for graphics. It is used with a map view to display graphics on a map. You can add more than one graphics overlay to a map view. Graphics overlays are displayed on top of all the other layers.

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Add line.Change lineimport SwiftUI

import ArcGIS

class Model: ObservableObject {

    let graphicsOverlay = GraphicsOverlay()

}

struct ContentView: View {

    @StateObject private var model = Model()

    @State var map = {

        let map = Map(basemapStyle: .arcGISNavigation)
        map.initialViewpoint = Viewpoint(latitude: 34.05293, longitude: -118.24368, scale: 2e5)

        return map
    }()

    var body: some View {

        MapView(map: map, graphicsOverlays: [model.graphicsOverlay])

    }

}

Create a private Graphic property named startGraphic to the Model. Symbolize the graphic with a white circle and black outline. This graphic will be used to display the route's start location.

An SimpleMarkerSymbol is used to display a location on the map view.

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Add line.Add line.Add line.Add line.Add line.Add line.class Model: ObservableObject {

    let graphicsOverlay = GraphicsOverlay()

    let startGraphic: Graphic = {
        let symbol = SimpleMarkerSymbol(style: .circle, color: .white, size: 8)
        symbol.outline = SimpleLineSymbol(style: .solid, color: .black, width: 1)
        let graphic = Graphic(symbol: symbol)
        return graphic
    }()

}

Create a private Graphic property named endGraphic. Symbolize the graphic with a black circle. This graphic will be used to display the route's end location.

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Add line.Add line.Add line.Add line.Add line.class Model: ObservableObject {

    let graphicsOverlay = GraphicsOverlay()

    let startGraphic: Graphic = {
        let symbol = SimpleMarkerSymbol(style: .circle, color: .white, size: 8)
        symbol.outline = SimpleLineSymbol(style: .solid, color: .black, width: 1)
        let graphic = Graphic(symbol: symbol)
        return graphic
    }()

    let endGraphic: Graphic = {
        let symbol = SimpleMarkerSymbol(style: .circle, color: .black, size: 9)
        let graphic = Graphic(symbol: symbol)
        return graphic
    }()

}

Create a private Graphic property named routeGraphic. Symbolize the graphic with a blue line. This graphic will be used to display the route line.

An SimpleLineSymbol is used to display a line on the map view.

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Add line.Add line.Add line.Add line.Add line.    let endGraphic: Graphic = {
        let symbol = SimpleMarkerSymbol(style: .circle, color: .black, size: 9)
        let graphic = Graphic(symbol: symbol)
        return graphic
    }()

    let routeGraphic: Graphic = {
        let symbol = SimpleLineSymbol(style: .solid, color: .blue, width: 3)
        let graphic = Graphic(symbol: symbol)
        return graphic
    }()

Create an init() method in the Model that adds startGraphic, endGraphic, and routeGraphic to the graphics overlay. This method will be called when Model is initialized.

Because startGraphic, endGraphic, and routeGraphic haven't yet specified a Geometry, they will not be visible.

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Add line.Add line.Add line.    let routeGraphic: Graphic = {
        let symbol = SimpleLineSymbol(style: .solid, color: .blue, width: 3)
        let graphic = Graphic(symbol: symbol)
        return graphic
    }()

    init() {
        graphicsOverlay.addGraphics([routeGraphic, startGraphic, endGraphic])
    }

Create a route task and route parameters

A task makes a request to a service and returns the results. Use the RouteTask class to access a routing service.

A routing service with global coverage is part of ArcGIS location services. You can also publish custom routing services using ArcGIS Enterprise.

Continuing in the Model, create a private RouteTask property named routeTask with the routing service.

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Add line.Add line.Add line.    init() {
        graphicsOverlay.addGraphics([routeGraphic, startGraphic, endGraphic])
    }

    private let routeTask = RouteTask(
        url: URL(string: "https://route-api.arcgis.com/arcgis/rest/services/World/Route/NAServer/Route_World")!
    )

Create a variable named directions defined as an array of DirectionManeuver objects. This will contain the step by step directions from the start to the end point.

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Add line.    private let routeTask = RouteTask(
        url: URL(string: "https://route-api.arcgis.com/arcgis/rest/services/World/Route/NAServer/Route_World")!
    )

    var directions: [DirectionManeuver] = []

Define a private, asynchronous function named solveRoute(start:end:) that takes a start and end Point. This method will be called when both the start and end points have been placed on the map.

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Add line.Add line.Add line.    private let routeTask = RouteTask(
        url: URL(string: "https://route-api.arcgis.com/arcgis/rest/services/World/Route/NAServer/Route_World")!
    )

    var directions: [DirectionManeuver] = []

    func solveRoute(from start: Point, to end: Point) async throws {

    }

Create default RouteParameters from the routeTask named routeParameters. Configure the parameters by setting two stops (the start and end points) and specify that directions are returned.

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Add line.Add line.Add line.    func solveRoute(from start: Point, to end: Point) async throws {

        let routeParameters = try await routeTask.makeDefaultParameters()
        routeParameters.returnsDirections = true
        routeParameters.setStops([Stop(point: start), Stop(point: end)])

    }

Call the solveRoute(using:) function on the routeTask and pass in the routeParameters. To display the solved route, get the first route from the RouteResult and assign its geometry to routeGraphic. To display the directions, assign the directionManeuvers value from the first route to the directions variable.

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Add line.Add line.Add line.Add line.Add line.    func solveRoute(from start: Point, to end: Point) async throws {

        let routeParameters = try await routeTask.makeDefaultParameters()
        routeParameters.returnsDirections = true
        routeParameters.setStops([Stop(point: start), Stop(point: end)])

        let routeResult = try await routeTask.solveRoute(using: routeParameters)
        if let firstRoute = routeResult.routes.first {
            routeGraphic.geometry = firstRoute.geometry
            directions = firstRoute.directionManeuvers
        }

    }

Handle map view touch events

The app will use locations derived from a user tapping the map view to generate the stops on a route. Configure the view to handle touch events from the map view. The locations derived from a user tapping the map view will be used to generate routes in a later step.

In the ContentView struct, create two @State private variables of type Point named startPoint and endPoint. These will contain the start and end locations of the route.

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Add line.Add line.struct ContentView: View {

    @StateObject private var model = Model()

    @State private var startPoint: Point?
    @State private var endPoint: Point?

    @State var map = {

        let map = Map(basemapStyle: .arcGISNavigation)
        map.initialViewpoint = Viewpoint(latitude: 34.05293, longitude: -118.24368, scale: 2e5)

        return map
    }()

    var body: some View {

        MapView(map: map, graphicsOverlays: [model.graphicsOverlay])

    }

}

Add the onSingleTapGesture method to the map view. If it is the user's first tap, set the startPoint to the current mapPoint. Otherwise, set the endPoint to the current mapPoint. Assign the geometries for startGraphic and endGraphic accordingly.

ContentView.swift
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Add line.Add line.Add line.Add line.Add line.Add line.Add line.Add line.Add line.    var body: some View {

        MapView(map: map, graphicsOverlays: [model.graphicsOverlay])

            .onSingleTapGesture { _, mapPoint in
                if startPoint == nil {
                    startPoint = mapPoint
                    model.startGraphic.geometry = startPoint
                } else {
                    endPoint = mapPoint
                    model.endGraphic.geometry = endPoint
                }
            }

    }

Add a .task modifier to the map view with endPoint as an identifier. This task is called if the value of endPoint changes. Ensure that the start and end points are not nil and pass them into the model's solveRoute(start:end:) method. This attempts to solve the route using the start and end points.

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Add line.Add line.Add line.Add line.Add line.Add line.Add line.Add line.    var body: some View {

        MapView(map: map, graphicsOverlays: [model.graphicsOverlay])

            .onSingleTapGesture { _, mapPoint in
                if startPoint == nil {
                    startPoint = mapPoint
                    model.startGraphic.geometry = startPoint
                } else {
                    endPoint = mapPoint
                    model.endGraphic.geometry = endPoint
                }
            }

            .task(id: endPoint) {
                guard let startPoint = startPoint, let endPoint = endPoint else { return }
                do {
                    try await model.solveRoute(from: startPoint, to: endPoint)
                } catch {
                    print(error)
                }
            }

    }

Add a UI to display driving directions

To display the turn-by-turn directions from the route, some UI element is required.

In the ContentView struct, add a Bool variable named isShowingDirections to indicate if the directions are shown or not. Set its initial value to false.

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Add line.struct ContentView: View {

    @StateObject private var model = Model()

    @State private var isShowingDirections = false

    @State private var startPoint: Point?
    @State private var endPoint: Point?

    @State var map = {

        let map = Map(basemapStyle: .arcGISNavigation)
        map.initialViewpoint = Viewpoint(latitude: 34.05293, longitude: -118.24368, scale: 2e5)

        return map
    }()

Add a .toolbar and ToolbarItemGroup to the bottom of the map view.

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Add line.Add line.Add line.Add line.Add line.    var body: some View {

        MapView(map: map, graphicsOverlays: [model.graphicsOverlay])

            .onSingleTapGesture { _, mapPoint in
                if startPoint == nil {
                    startPoint = mapPoint
                    model.startGraphic.geometry = startPoint
                } else {
                    endPoint = mapPoint
                    model.endGraphic.geometry = endPoint
                }
            }

            .task(id: endPoint) {
                guard let startPoint = startPoint, let endPoint = endPoint else { return }
                do {
                    try await model.solveRoute(from: startPoint, to: endPoint)
                } catch {
                    print(error)
                }
            }

            .toolbar {
                ToolbarItemGroup(placement: .bottomBar) {

                }
            }

    }

Add a Button, labeled "Show directions", to the toolbar. This button indicates that the user wants to show the directions so toggle the isShowingDirections value to true.

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Add line.Add line.Add line.            .toolbar {
                ToolbarItemGroup(placement: .bottomBar) {

                    Button("Show directions") {
                        isShowingDirections = true
                    }

                }
            }

Add a .popover with a NavigationView to the toolbar. Set the popover's isPresented parameter to isShowingDirections. The popover will display according to the isShowingDirections value. Customize the navigation view.

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Add line.Add line.Add line.Add line.Add line.Add line.Add line.            .toolbar {
                ToolbarItemGroup(placement: .bottomBar) {

                    Button("Show directions") {
                        isShowingDirections = true
                    }

                    .popover(isPresented: $isShowingDirections) {
                        NavigationView {

                        }
                        .navigationViewStyle(.stack)
                        .frame(idealWidth: 320, idealHeight: 428)
                    }

                }
            }

Within the NavigationView content, create a List with directions which contains an array of DirectionManeuver objects. Configure the navigation view with a title, display mode, and "Done" button. When the button is tapped, isShowingDirections is set to false which closes the popover.

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                        NavigationView {

                            List(model.directions, id: \.text) { directionManeuver in
                                Text(directionManeuver.text)
                            }
                            .navigationTitle("Directions")
                            .navigationBarTitleDisplayMode(.inline)
                            .toolbar {
                                ToolbarItem(placement: .confirmationAction) {
                                    Button("Done") {
                                        isShowingDirections = false
                                    }
                                }
                            }

                        }
                        .navigationViewStyle(.stack)
                        .frame(idealWidth: 320, idealHeight: 428)
                    }

Press Command + R to run the app.

If you are using the Xcode simulator your system must meet these minimum requirements: macOS Monterey 12.5, Xcode 15, iOS 17. If you are using a physical device, then refer to the system requirements.

The map should support two taps to create an origin and destination point and then use the route service to display the resulting route.

What's next?

Learn how to use additional API features, ArcGIS location services, and ArcGIS tools in these tutorials: