Determine spatial relationships between two geometries.
Use case
In case of a natural disaster, emergency services can represent the affected areas using polygons. By determining the spatial relationships between these and any other existing features such as populated areas, infrastructure, or natural resources, it is possible to quickly determine which of the existing features might be affected or is in further danger, helping to assess risk and define further action.
How to use the sample
Tap on the map to select one of the three graphics. Its geometry will be used to check the spatial relationships with the other graphics' geometries. The result will be displayed in a callout.
How it works
- Get the geometry from two different graphics. In this example, the geometry of the selected graphic is compared to the geometry of each unselected graphic.
- Use the methods in
GeometryEngine
-isGeometry(_:crossing:)
,doesGeometry(_:contain:)
,isGeometry(_:disjointWith:)
,isGeometry(_:intersecting:)
,isGeometry(_:overlapping:)
,isGeometry(_:touching:)
, andisGeometry(_:within:)
, to check the relationship between the geometries, e.g. contains, disjoint, intersects, etc. The relationship exists if the method returnstrue
.
Relevant API
- Geometry
- GeometryEngine
- Graphic
- Point
- Polygon
- Polyline
- static GeometryEngine.doesGeometry(_:contain:)
- static GeometryEngine.isGeometry(_:crossing:)
- static GeometryEngine.isGeometry(_:disjointWith:)
- static GeometryEngine.isGeometry(_:intersecting:)
- static GeometryEngine.isGeometry(_:overlapping:)
- static GeometryEngine.isGeometry(_:touching:)
- static GeometryEngine.isGeometry(_:within:)
Tags
geometries, relationship, spatial analysis
Sample Code
// Copyright 2022 Esri
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
import ArcGIS
import SwiftUI
struct ShowResultOfSpatialRelationshipsView: View {
/// The error shown in the error alert.
@State private var error: Error?
/// The point indicating where to identify a graphic.
@State private var identifyPoint: CGPoint?
/// The map point where the map was tapped.
@State private var mapPoint: Point?
/// A location callout placement.
@State private var calloutPlacement: CalloutPlacement?
/// The relationships for the selected graphic.
@State private var relationships: [Relationship] = []
/// The view model for the sample.
@StateObject private var model = Model()
/// Shows the relationships for the selected graphic.
/// - Parameter graphic: The graphic to show all spatial relationships for.
private func showRelationships(for graphic: Graphic) {
guard let selectedGeometry = graphic.geometry else {
return
}
// Updates the relationships.
relationships = model.allRelationships(for: selectedGeometry)
guard !relationships.isEmpty else {
return
}
// Updates the location callout placement.
calloutPlacement = mapPoint.map { CalloutPlacement.location($0) }
}
var body: some View {
MapViewReader { mapView in
MapView(map: model.map, graphicsOverlays: [model.graphicsOverlay])
.onSingleTapGesture { screenPoint, mapPoint in
identifyPoint = screenPoint
self.mapPoint = mapPoint
}
.callout(placement: $calloutPlacement.animation(.default.speed(2))) { _ in
VStack(alignment: .leading) {
ForEach(relationships, id: \.relationshipWithLabel) { relationship in
Text(relationship.relationshipWithLabel)
.font(.headline)
VStack(alignment: .leading) {
ForEach(relationship.spatialRelationships, id: \.self) { spatialRelationship in
Text(spatialRelationship)
}
}
.padding(.bottom, 5)
}
}
.padding(8)
}
.task(id: identifyPoint) {
guard let identifyPoint = identifyPoint else { return }
// Clears the selection.
model.graphicsOverlay.clearSelection()
if calloutPlacement == nil {
do {
// Identifies the graphic at the given screen point.
let results = try await mapView.identify(
on: model.graphicsOverlay,
screenPoint: identifyPoint,
tolerance: 12,
maximumResults: 1
)
if let identifiedGraphic = results.graphics.first {
// Selects the identified graphic.
model.graphicsOverlay.selectGraphics([identifiedGraphic])
// Shows the graphic's relationships.
showRelationships(for: identifiedGraphic)
}
} catch {
self.error = error
}
} else {
// Hides the callout.
calloutPlacement = nil
}
}
.overlay(alignment: .top) {
Text("Tap on the map to select the graphic.")
.frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
.padding(.vertical, 6)
.background(.thinMaterial, ignoresSafeAreaEdges: .horizontal)
}
.errorAlert(presentingError: $error)
}
}
}
private extension ShowResultOfSpatialRelationshipsView {
/// The model used to store the geo model and other expensive objects
/// used in this view.
class Model: ObservableObject {
/// A map with a topographic basemap style and an initial viewpoint.
let map: Map = {
let map = Map(basemapStyle: .arcGISTopographic)
map.initialViewpoint = Viewpoint(center: Graphic.point.geometry as! Point, scale: 1e8)
return map
}()
/// A graphics overlay consisting of a polygon, polyline, and point.
let graphicsOverlay = GraphicsOverlay(graphics: [.polygon, .polyline, .point])
/// The polygon graphic.
private var polygonGraphic: Graphic { graphicsOverlay.graphics[0] }
/// The polyline graphic.
private var polylineGraphic: Graphic { graphicsOverlay.graphics[1] }
/// The point graphic.
private var pointGraphic: Graphic { graphicsOverlay.graphics[2] }
/// Returns the relevant spatial relationships for a given geometry with all other geometries in this sample.
/// - Parameter geometry: The geometry to find all spatial relationships for.
/// - Returns: An array of relationships between the given geometry and all other geometries.
func allRelationships(for geometry: Geometry) -> [Relationship] {
let pointGeometry = pointGraphic.geometry!
let polylineGeometry = polylineGraphic.geometry!
let polygonGeometry = polygonGraphic.geometry!
switch geometry {
case is Point:
return [
Relationship(between: pointGeometry, and: polylineGeometry),
Relationship(between: pointGeometry, and: polygonGeometry)
]
case is Polyline:
return [
Relationship(between: polylineGeometry, and: pointGeometry),
Relationship(between: polylineGeometry, and: polygonGeometry)
]
case is ArcGIS.Polygon:
return [
Relationship(between: polygonGeometry, and: pointGeometry),
Relationship(between: polygonGeometry, and: polylineGeometry)
]
default:
return []
}
}
}
}
private extension ShowResultOfSpatialRelationshipsView {
/// The relationship between one geometry and another geometry.
struct Relationship {
/// The input geometry to be compared.
private let geometryOne: Geometry
/// The input geometry to be compared against.
private let geometryTwo: Geometry
/// - Parameters:
/// - geometryOne: The input geometry to be compared.
/// - geometryTwo: The input geometry to be compared against.
init(between geometryOne: Geometry, and geometryTwo: Geometry) {
self.geometryOne = geometryOne
self.geometryTwo = geometryTwo
}
/// The spatial relationships between geometry one and two.
var spatialRelationships: [String] {
geometryOne.getSpatialRelationships(with: geometryTwo)
}
/// A description of what geometry type `geometryOne` is compared against.
var relationshipWithLabel: String {
"Relationship with \(geometryTwo.type)"
}
}
}
private extension Geometry {
/// Checks the different relationships between two geometries and returns the result as an array of strings.
/// - Parameter geometry: The input geometry to be compared against.
/// - Returns: An array of strings representing a relationship.
func getSpatialRelationships(with geometry: Geometry) -> [String] {
var relationships: [String] = []
if GeometryEngine.isGeometry(self, crossing: geometry) {
relationships.append("Crosses")
}
if GeometryEngine.doesGeometry(self, contain: geometry) {
relationships.append("Contains")
}
if GeometryEngine.isGeometry(self, disjointWith: geometry) {
relationships.append("Disjoint")
}
if GeometryEngine.isGeometry(self, intersecting: geometry) {
relationships.append("Intersects")
}
if GeometryEngine.isGeometry(self, overlapping: geometry) {
relationships.append("Overlaps")
}
if GeometryEngine.isGeometry(self, touching: geometry) {
relationships.append("Touches")
}
if GeometryEngine.isGeometry(self, within: geometry) {
relationships.append("Within")
}
return relationships
}
/// The type of the geometry.
var type: String {
switch self {
case is Point: return "Point"
case is Polyline: return "Polyline"
case is ArcGIS.Polygon: return "Polygon"
default: return "Unknown"
}
}
}
private extension Graphic {
/// A green polygon with a forward diagonal style.
static var polygon: Graphic {
let polygon = Polygon(
points: [
Point(x: -5991501.677830, y: 5599295.131468),
Point(x: -6928550.398185, y: 2087936.739807),
Point(x: -3149463.800709, y: 1840803.011362),
Point(x: -1563689.043184, y: 3714900.452072),
Point(x: -3180355.516764, y: 5619889.608838)
],
spatialReference: .webMercator
)
let lineSymbol = SimpleLineSymbol(style: .solid, color: .green, width: 2)
let fillSymbol = SimpleFillSymbol(style: .forwardDiagonal, color: .green, outline: lineSymbol)
return Graphic(geometry: polygon, symbol: fillSymbol)
}
/// A red, dashed polyline.
static var polyline: Graphic {
let polyline = Polyline(
points: [
Point(x: -4354240.726880, y: -609939.795721),
Point(x: -3427489.245210, y: 2139422.933233),
Point(x: -2109442.693501, y: 4301843.057130),
Point(x: -1810822.771630, y: 7205664.366363)
],
spatialReference: .webMercator
)
let lineSymbol = SimpleLineSymbol(style: .dash, color: .red, width: 4)
return Graphic(geometry: polyline, symbol: lineSymbol)
}
/// A blue point.
static var point: Graphic {
let point = Point(x: -4487263.495911, y: 3699176.480377, spatialReference: .webMercator)
let markerSymbol = SimpleMarkerSymbol(color: .blue, size: 10)
return Graphic(geometry: point, symbol: markerSymbol)
}
}
#if DEBUG
private extension ShowResultOfSpatialRelationshipsView.Model {
typealias Relationship = ShowResultOfSpatialRelationshipsView.Relationship
}
#Preview {
ShowResultOfSpatialRelationshipsView()
}
#endif