Search for an address

Learn how to find an address or place with a search bar and the Geocoding service.

Geocoding is the process of converting address or place text into a location. The geocoding service can search for an address or a place and perform reverse geocoding.

In this tutorial, you use a search bar in the user interface to access the geocoding service and search for addresses and places.

To learn how to use the geocoding service to reverse geocode, visit the Reverse geocode tutorial.

Prerequisites

Before starting this tutorial:

You need an ArcGIS Location Platform or ArcGIS Online account.
Your system meets the system requirements.

Steps

Get an access token

You need an access token to use the location services used in this tutorial.

Go to the Create an API key tutorial to obtain an access token using your ArcGIS Location Platform or ArcGIS Online account.
Ensure that the following privileges are enabled: Location services > Basemaps > Basemap styles service and Location services > Geocoding.
Copy the access token as it will be used in the next step.

To learn more about other ways to get an access token, go to Types of authentication.

Open the Xcode project

To start the tutorial, complete the Display a map tutorial or download and unzip the solution.
Open the .xcodeproj file in Xcode.
In Xcode, in the Project Navigator, click AppDelegate.swift.

In the editor, set the APIKey property on the AGSArcGISRuntimeEnvironment with your access token.

AppDelegate.swift
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    func application(_ application: UIApplication,
                     didFinishLaunchingWithOptions launchOptions: [UIApplication.LaunchOptionsKey: Any]?) -> Bool {

        AGSArcGISRuntimeEnvironment.apiKey = "YOUR_ACCESS_TOKEN"

        return true
    }
Expand

Add a search bar to the UI

To search an address using the application, add a UI element to prompt the user for text input. The text input will be used as the geocode search text in a later step.

In Xcode, in the Project Navigator, click ViewController.swift.

In the editor, extend ViewController to conform to the UISearchBarDelegate protocol.

The UISearchBarDelegate will allow ViewController to receive user interaction messages from a UISearchBar.

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Add line.Add line.Add line.extension ViewController: UISearchBarDelegate {

}

Define a private method named setupSearchBar(). In setupSearchBar() create an UISearchBar with these initial values and assign it to navigationItem.titleView.

ViewController.swift
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        navigationItem.titleView = {
            let searchBar = UISearchBar()
            searchBar.delegate = self
            searchBar.showsCancelButton = true
            searchBar.placeholder = "Search for an address"
            return searchBar
        }()
    }
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In Xcode, in the Project Navigator, click Main.storyboard.
In the editor, select ViewController. In the menu bar, click Editor > Embed In > Navigation Controller.

Embedding ViewController within a Navigation Controller will place a navigation bar at the top of ViewController. Inside the navigation bar you will find the search bar.
In Xcode, in the Project Navigator, click ViewController.swift.

In the editor, in the viewDidLoad() method, call setupSearchBar().

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        super.viewDidLoad()
        setupMap()

        setupSearchBar()

    }
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Add graphics to the map view

A graphics overlay is a container for graphics. Graphics are added as a visual means to display the search result on the map.

Create a private AGSGraphic property named textGraphic. This graphic will be used to display the result's text label.

An AGSTextSymbol is used to display text at a location on the map view.

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        let textSymbol = AGSTextSymbol(
            text: "",
            color: .black,
            size: 14,
            horizontalAlignment: .center,
            verticalAlignment: .bottom
        )
        return AGSGraphic(geometry: nil, symbol: textSymbol)
    }()
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Create a private AGSGraphic property named markerGraphic. This graphic will be used to display the result's location.

An AGSSimpleMarkerSymbol is used to display a location on the map view.

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        let markerSymbol = AGSSimpleMarkerSymbol(
            style: .square,
            color: .red,
            size: 12
        )
        return AGSGraphic(geometry: nil, symbol: markerSymbol)
    }()
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Define a private method named setupGraphics(). In setupGraphics() create an AGSGraphicsOverlay. Append textGraphic and markerGraphic to the graphics overlay then add the graphics overlay to the map view.

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        let graphicsOverlay = AGSGraphicsOverlay()
        graphicsOverlay.graphics.addObjects(from: [textGraphic, markerGraphic])
        mapView.graphicsOverlays.add(graphicsOverlay)
    }
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Because textGraphic and markerGraphic haven't yet specified a geometry, they will not be visible.

In the viewDidLoad() method, call setupGraphics().

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        super.viewDidLoad()
        setupMap()

        setupSearchBar()

        setupGraphics()

    }
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Define app geocode results status

The app will leverage a state-machine design pattern to ensure the contents of the map reflect the state of the search result. This design pattern supports wrangling multiple asynchronous requests to the world geocoding service into a single state variable result, ensuring the reliability of search results.

Define an enum named ResultStatus with two cases. The first case, none, is used when there is no result or an error is returned. The second case, result, is used when a result is found.

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        case none
        case result(String, AGSPoint)
    }
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Create a ResultStatus property named status. Setting this property will update textGraphic and markerGraphic with values from the result.

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        case none
        case result(String, AGSPoint)
    }

    var status: ResultStatus = .none {
        didSet {
            switch status {
            case .none:
                (textGraphic.symbol as! AGSTextSymbol).text = ""
                textGraphic.geometry = nil
                markerGraphic.geometry = nil
            case .result(let title, let location):
                (textGraphic.symbol as! AGSTextSymbol).text = title
                textGraphic.geometry = location
                markerGraphic.geometry = location
            }
        }
    }
Expand

Create a locator task with geocode parameters

Geocoding is implemented with a locator, typically created by referencing a service such as the Geocoding service or, for offline geocoding, by referencing locator data contained in a mobile package. Geocoding parameters can be used to fine-tune the results, such as setting the maximum number of results or requesting additional attributes in the results.

Create a private AGSLocatorTask property named locator based on the Geocoding service.

A locator task is used to convert an address to a point (geocode) or vice-versa (reverse geocode). An address includes any type of information that distinguishes a place. A locator involves finding matching locations for a given address. Reverse-geocoding is the opposite and finds the closest address for a given point.
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```
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    private let locator = AGSLocatorTask(
        url: URL(string: "https://geocode-api.arcgis.com/arcgis/rest/services/World/GeocodeServer")!
    )
```
Expand

Create a private optional AGSCancelable property named currentGeocodeOperation that will maintain a reference to the geocode operation. If the user submits a second query before the current one completes, it can be used to cancel the operation.

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        url: URL(string: "https://geocode-api.arcgis.com/arcgis/rest/services/World/GeocodeServer")!
    )

    private var currentGeocodeOperation: AGSCancelable?

Expand

Define a private method named geocode(with searchText: String) and cancel the current geocode operation, if one exists.

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        url: URL(string: "https://geocode-api.arcgis.com/arcgis/rest/services/World/GeocodeServer")!
    )

    private var currentGeocodeOperation: AGSCancelable?

    private func geocode(with searchText: String) {
        currentGeocodeOperation?.cancel()

    }
Expand

Create new AGSGeocodeParameters, and assign it to the geocodeParameters property. Specify the geocode's attributes as follows:
- Specify which attributes to return with resultAttributeNames. * is used to return all attributes.
- Set the maximum number of results to be returned with maxResults. In this tutorial, only return the best match by passing in 1. Results are ordered by score, so just returning the first result will return the highest scoring result.
- Set the spatial reference with outputSpatialReference. By default the output spatial reference is determined by the geocode service. For optimal performance when displaying the geocode result, ensure the returned coordinates match those of the map view by providing mapView.spatialReference as a parameter.
When geocoding an address, you can optionally provide AGSGeocodeParameters to control certain aspects of the geocoding operation, and specify the kinds of results to return from the locator task.
ViewController.swift
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    private func geocode(with searchText: String) {
        currentGeocodeOperation?.cancel()

        let parameters: AGSGeocodeParameters = {
            let parameters = AGSGeocodeParameters()
            parameters.resultAttributeNames = ["*"]
            parameters.maxResults = 1
            parameters.outputSpatialReference = mapView.spatialReference
            return parameters
        }()

    }
```
Expand

Perform the geocode operation by calling geocodeWithSearchText:parameters:completion:() and supplying the search query and the geocode parameters. Handle the operation's completion and set the result status accordingly. The result obtained from the geocode operation will be displayed as a graphic in the map view's graphics overlay.

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        currentGeocodeOperation?.cancel()

        let parameters: AGSGeocodeParameters = {
            let parameters = AGSGeocodeParameters()
            parameters.resultAttributeNames = ["*"]
            parameters.maxResults = 1
            parameters.outputSpatialReference = mapView.spatialReference
            return parameters
        }()

        currentGeocodeOperation = self.locator.geocode(withSearchText: searchText, parameters: parameters) { [weak self] (results, error) in
            guard let self = self else { return }
            if let error = error {
                self.status = .none
                print(error.localizedDescription)
                return
            } else if let firstResult = results?.first,
                      let extent = firstResult.extent,
                      let location = firstResult.displayLocation {
                self.status = .result(firstResult.label, location)
                self.mapView.setViewpointGeometry(extent)
            } else {
                self.status = .none
                print("No results found for \(searchText).")
            }
        }

    }
Expand

Hook up the search bar to the geocode operation

Find the ViewController extension of UISearchBarDelegate and introduce the searchBarSearchButtonClicked(_:) search bar delegate method. Use this method to know when the user presses Search and to perform the geocode operation.

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    func searchBarSearchButtonClicked(_ searchBar: UISearchBar) {
        searchBar.resignFirstResponder()
        guard let searchText = searchBar.text, !searchText.isEmpty else {
            print("Nothing to search!")
            return
        }
        geocode(with: searchText)
    }

}

Introduce the searchBarCancelButtonClicked(_:) search bar delegate method. Use this method to know when the user presses Cancel and to dismiss the keyboard.

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    func searchBarSearchButtonClicked(_ searchBar: UISearchBar) {
        searchBar.resignFirstResponder()
        guard let searchText = searchBar.text, !searchText.isEmpty else {
            print("Nothing to search!")
            return
        }
        geocode(with: searchText)
    }

    func searchBarCancelButtonClicked(_ searchBar: UISearchBar) {
        searchBar.resignFirstResponder()
    }

}

Press Command + R to run the app.

If you are using the Xcode simulator your system must meet these minimum requirements: macOS Big Sur 11.3, Xcode 13, iOS 13. If you are using a physical device, then refer to the system requirements.

You should see a search box on the top left of the map. Search for an address by entering an address and press Search on the keyboard. The result of the search should display on the map as a red square.

What's next?

Learn how to use additional API features, ArcGIS location services, and ArcGIS tools in these tutorials: