Time

Incidents styled with a simple render, visual variables, and clusters to show number of days to close

What are time styles?

Time styles include all visualizations that involve date/time data. You can use these styles to visualize when and where an event occurs. Common examples involve the following:

  1. Timeline
  2. Before and after
  3. Age
  4. Geometry animation
  5. Attribute animation

Examples

Timeline

A timeline visualization displays date/time data along a continuous color ramp. It provides an immediate view at when phenomena occurred or when a value was recorded relative to all other data points.

The following example visualizes hurricane locations in the Atlantic Ocean recorded in the year 2000. This uses a color visual variable to show which hurricanes occurred early in the season versus late in the season.

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          visualVariables: [{
            type: "color",
            field: "Date_Time",
            legendOptions: {
              title: "Date of observation"
            },
            stops: [
              { value: new Date(2000, 7, 3).getTime(), color: "#00ffff"},
              { value: new Date(2000, 9, 22).getTime(), color: "#2f3f56"}
            ]
          }]
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Before and after

You can use a color visual variable with a diverging color ramp to visualize which events occurred before and after a specific date.

The following example visualizes clusters of hurricane locations summarized by whether they occurred before or after January 1, 1977 on average.

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          visualVariables: [{
            type: "color",
            field: "ISO_time",
            legendOptions: {
              title: "Before and after July 1"
            },
            stops: [
              { value: new Date(2013, 0, 1).getTime(), color: colors[0], label: "January 1" },
              { value: new Date(2013, 6, 1).getTime(), color: colors[1], label: "July 1" },
              { value: new Date(2013, 11, 31).getTime(), color: colors[2], label: "December 31" }
            ]
          }]
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Age

An age visualization shows the age of a feature (or the elapsed time up to a meaningful date or the current date) based on a date field. Age visualizations may be applied in the following scenarios:

  1. How long has an asset been in commission?
  2. How old is the incident report?
  3. How long has it been since the last inspection?
  4. Is an incident past due for resolution?

Age is typically defined using the DateDiff function in an Arcade expression and mapped with a color or size variable. It specifies a length of time with desired units.

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valueExpression = "DateDiff( Now(), $feature.date_created, 'hours' )"

The following example visualizes clustered street condition complaints in New York City based on how much time passed before the incident was closed relative to its due date.

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          visualVariables: [{
            type: "color",
            valueExpression: "DateDiff($feature['closed_time'], $feature['due_time'], 'days')",
            valueExpressionTitle: "Days it took to close incident",
            stops: [
              { value: -21, color: colors[0], label: "21 weeks early" },
              { value: 0, color: colors[1], label: "On time" },
              { value: 21, color: colors[2], label: "21 weeks late" }
            ]
          }]
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Geometry animation

In most cases, time series animations involve assigning a layer a static renderer and filtering features over time. This is effective for features whose positions occur only at specific moments or windows of time (e.g. earthquakes, hurricanes, airplane travel). This requires a TimeSlider widget for control over the time window.

The layer in this example is rendered with a simple renderer and an animated gif showing a rotating hurricane symbol. This layer shows the current position of a hurricane relative to the slider thumb positions. Another layer is added to show the previous positions of the hurricanes relative to the time slider values.

ArcGIS JS API
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        const renderer = {
          type: "simple",
          label: "Observed hurricane location",
          symbol: {
            type: "picture-marker",
            url: "/javascript/latest//assets/img/guide/visualization/demos/cyclone-marker.gif",
            height: 20,
            width: 20
          },
          visualVariables: [
            {
              type: "size",
              field: "Category",
              stops: [
                { value: 1, size: 12 },
                { value: 2, size: 16 },
                { value: 3, size: 20 },
                { value: 4, size: 24 },
                { value: 5, size: 28 }
              ]
            }
          ]
        };
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Attribute animation

Attribute animations are animated visualizations showing how attributes in features fixed at unchanging locations change over time. These typically involve a time slider so users have the ability to explore moments of time or time windows.

For features that have a static position (such as sensors, buildings, countries, etc.), but that have attributes that vary over time (e.g. population, temperature, windspeed), you can dynamically update the renderer to reference data values tied to a specific moment in time, rather than filter features. This removes the need for downloading duplicate geometries to the client.

The renderer updates with every slider value change.

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        slider.on(["thumb-change", "thumb-drag"], (event) => {
          updateYearDisplay(event.value);
          updateRenderer(event.value);
          updateHistogram(event.value);
        });
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        function updateRenderer(value) {
          const renderer = layer.renderer.clone();
          const sizeVariable = renderer.visualVariables[0];
          const colorVariable = renderer.visualVariables[1];
          sizeVariable.valueExpression = getSizeValueExpression(value);
          colorVariable.field = "F" + value;
          renderer.visualVariables = [sizeVariable, colorVariable];
          layer.renderer = renderer;
        }
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Image preview of related sample Filter features with TimeSlider

Filter features with TimeSlider

Filter features with TimeSlider

Image preview of related sample TimeSlider widget and time zone

TimeSlider widget and time zone

TimeSlider widget and time zone

Image preview of related sample TimeSlider with timeOffset and actions

TimeSlider with timeOffset and actions

TimeSlider with timeOffset and actions

Image preview of related sample Animate color visual variable

Animate color visual variable

Animate color visual variable

Image preview of related sample Update a renderer's attribute

Update a renderer's attribute

Update a renderer's attribute's attribute

API support

2D3DArcadePointsLinesPolygonsMesh
Unique types
Class breaks
Visual variables1
Time
Multivariate
Predominance
Dot density
Charts
Relationship
Smart Mapping2333
Full supportPartial supportNo support
  • 1. Color only
  • 2. Size variable creators only supported for points
  • 3. Size variable creators not supported in 3D

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